Result test: the argument that Alphabet's performance embodies TikTok's price announcement would not hold up in court, as it lacks direct and provable causal link. TikTok's decision is an independent strategic initiative, driven by its own market objectives and competitive positioning, not a reaction to a competitor. If a regulator were to examine causality, they would look for a direct dependency or contractual influence, which is absent here. For example, Alphabet's financial success is not a prerequisite for TikTok to organize an event, which could have been planned long before.